Major steel producers have embarked on an acquisition spree of steel scrap recycling companies to secure a reliable source of raw materials. Steel scrap is king and a key solution for steel producers to decarbonise in both BF/BOF and EAF operations to manufacture green steel.   China generally applies a higher scrap ratio within its BF/BOF operations as a substitute for ferrous feed when sintering is restricted under the emissions control policy. BOF scrap charge rates can be more than 300kg/t liquid steel but are typically around 150-200kg/t when not restricted by scrap availability or pricing. Every 1t of scrap steel used for steel production avoids around 1.5t of CO2 emissions and the consumption of 1.4t of iron ore and 0.74t of metallurgical coal, 0.12t of limestone and the energy costs associated with producing pig iron from the basic raw materials.